Barriers to environmental compliance in public transport: A study on emission and noise pollution law awareness in Karachi

Abstract

All types of vehicles release harmful pollutants in the form of smoke and noise, which is a critical environmental challenge for Karachi. Public transport, in particular, exacerbates this issue. Unfortunately, many people are unaware of these rules, leading to non-compliance with all regulations. This research seeks to determine whether public transport drivers in Karachi understand air and noise pollution laws. The study has been based on secondary data (Literature Review) to establish their knowledge about emission standards, noise level restrictions, and penalties for failing to comply with these laws. The research results indicate that most drivers are uninformed of these regulations and do not undertake vehicle maintenance routines that are likely to reduce pollution. Significant interferences to this knowledge include high rates of illiteracy, poor enforcement of laws, and poverty. The findings of this study strongly suggest the lack of a mandated structure for education, lack of policies, and motivation for developing environmentally conscious behavior among people.