The Kuril Islands Dispute: A Geopolitical Analysis of Russia-Japan Relations & Regional Implications

Abstract

The dispute over the Kuril Islands remains one of the most enduring and complex territorial conflicts in Northeast Asia, continuing to hinder the normalization of relations between Russia and Japan since the end of World War II. This paper offers a comprehensive geopolitical analysis of the Kuril Islands dispute, tracing its historical origins, examining the legal and political arguments advanced by both states, and assessing the broader regional implications. The study explores the strategic significance of the islands, the impact on local populations, and the influence of external actors, particularly the United States. By applying the theoretical frameworks of realism and neorealism, the paper explains how the security dilemma perpetuates the stalemate and shapes state behavior. The analysis finds that the Kuril Islands dispute is not merely a bilateral issue but a critical factor influencing the security architecture and power dynamics of the wider Asia-Pacific region. The paper concludes by discussing potential pathways toward conflict resolution and the challenges that must be overcome to achieve lasting stability.